Following the completion of the 2023 general election and the recently concluded by-elections, the House of Representatives has resolved to amend the 2022 Electoral Act.
The 2023 general election exposed several shortcomings, and the House’s decision to review the act demonstrates a commitment to strengthening the democratic process.
The existing law, while well-intentioned, contains ambiguities and contradictions that have occasionally led to confusion during elections. By amending the Act, the House aims to provide clarity and consistency. Voters, candidates, and electoral officials deserve a legal framework without room for misinterpretation.
Some of the primary objectives are to rectify ambiguous and conflicting provisions within the act, ensuring improved clarity and effectiveness in electoral processes. This initiative comes in response to feedback and complaints stemming from the conduct of the 2023 general election.
The House also intends to introduce an independent legislation named the Political Parties Bill. This bill is designed to regulate the registration, financing, and operations of political parties in Nigeria. By doing so, it aims to streamline the oversight responsibilities of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), enabling it to concentrate more on the actual conduct of elections rather than administrative tasks related to political parties.
In a bid to enhance democratic participation and representation, the House is also considering the implementation of diaspora voting. This initiative would allow Nigerian citizens residing abroad to participate in elections, particularly government officials stationed in various countries. The goal is to allow Nigerians worldwide to participate in shaping the country’s politics.
Additionally, the House is prioritising the passage of the National Electoral Offences Commission Bill. This legislation seeks to establish a specialised body empowered to prosecute electoral offences effectively.
The House will also explore constitutional amendments to address fundamental issues related to elections in Nigeria. These amendments include clarifying the appointment process for the Chairman and National Commissioners of INEC, establishing an independent Electoral Offences Commission, and evaluating the relevance of Resident Electoral Commissioners of INEC in the States.
While the House of Representatives’ intention covered the key shortcomings of the Act, there are several other crucial aspects they should consider enhancing the electoral process and promote transparency.
Firstly, there is a need to prioritise voter education and awareness initiatives to ensure that citizens are well-informed about their rights, the voting process, and the significance of their participation in elections.
The potential introduction of electronic voting systems should be explored to enhance efficiency, reduce errors, and expedite result collation, though cybersecurity measures must be implemented to prevent hacking or tampering.
Also, campaign finance regulations need to be reviewed and strengthened to promote transparency in funding sources and expenditure limits, thereby preventing undue influence on the electoral process.
Additionally, measures should be taken to enhance the representation of marginalized groups, such as women, youth, and persons with disabilities, within the political landscape, fostering inclusivity and diversity.
Strict penalties should be enforced for electoral offences, and mechanisms for their timely investigation and prosecution should be strengthened to uphold the integrity of the electoral system.
The independence and effectiveness of INEC must be enhanced through adequate resourcing and training, ensuring its ability to conduct free and fair elections.
The House should also closely examine recommendations from Civil Society Organisations and incorporate them into the review process.
Timely release of election results, effective dispute resolution mechanisms, accurate voter registration and verification processes, and transparent political party primaries are also critical aspects to be addressed in the electoral reform agenda.
By prioritising these considerations and implementing reforms that promote transparency, inclusivity, and accountability, Nigeria can strengthen its electoral system and build a more resilient democracy for the future. The House of Representatives must approach the review with diligence. A well-crafted Electoral Act will strengthen democracy and foster trust in Nigeria’s electoral system.